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on June 18, 2016

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3D Geological Model of Pakistan

We are glad to share you that our co-founder, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood with his class fellows have prepared a geological model which was presented at All Pakistan Science Fest hosted by UET Science Society at 20/04/17. Here is the brief introduction of model: It is a 3D geological model of Pakistan that shows mainly tectonic division of mountain ranges of Pakistan. The model demonstrates the major/famous deposits of Pakistan like Petroleum, Minerals/Gemstones, Uranium, Coal including other geographical features like dams and rivers. It is a non-working model (size: 5 × 6 ft approximately) supported mainly by wooden boards and other cementing material. It is using thermocol sheets, maps, large paper sheets, graphs, paints and mechanical and scientific goods as per the requirement of a particular model. This unique model cover the topics of Plate Tectonics, Structural Geology, Economic Geology and others. Also the students have added the future aspects of Geo-economics like Kalabagh...

Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE)

What is Oceanic Anoxic Event? Oceanic anoxic event or anoxic event (anoxic conditions) allude to interims in the Earth's past where parts of seas get to be distinctly exhausted in oxygen (O2) at profundities over a substantial geographic region. Amid some of these occasions, euxinia, waters that contained H 2 S hydrogen sulphide, developed. Although anoxic event have not occurred for a huge number of years, the land record demonstrates that they happened commonly previously. Anoxic event harmonised with a few mass eradications and may have added to them. These mass eliminations incorporate some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. Many geologists trust maritime anoxic event are unequivocally connected to abating of sea flow, climatic warming, and lifted levels of nursery gasses. Scientists have proposed improved volcanism (the arrival of CO 2 ) as the "focal outer trigger for euxinia". Backgroud of Oceanic Anoxic Event The concept of the ocea...

Mathematical description of deformation

Mathematical description of deformation Deformation is conveniently and accurately described and modelled by means of elementary linear algebra. Let us use a local coordinate system, such as one attached to a shear zone, to look at some fundamental deformation types. We will think in terms of particle positions (or vectors) and see how particles change positions during deformation. If (x, y) is the original position of a particle, then the new position will be denoted (x',y'). For homogeneous deformation in two dimensions (i.e. in a section) we have that The reciprocal or inverse deformation takes the deformed rock back to its undeformed state. The deformation matrix D is very useful if one wants to model deformation using a computer. Once the deformation matrix is deﬁned, any aspect of the deformation itself can be found. Once again, it tells us nothing about the deformation history, nor does it reveal how a given deforming medium responds to such a deformation. For more inf...

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